Postpartum Depression A Concept Analysis Health And Social Care Essay

Postpartum Depression A Concept Analysis Health And Social Care Essay Postpartum Depression is generally defined in the following context: Specifier of nonpsychotic major depression that has its onset within 4 weeks after delivery (Mehta and Sheth, 2006). In addition, the illness is often classified into the following categories: Baby blues, nonpsychotic depression, and puerperal psychosis (Mehta and Sheth, 2006). Therefore, the illness is complex in nature and is attributed to the emotions that are experienced after giving birth (Mehta and Sheth, 2006). It appears that there are no clear distinctions between first-time and experienced mothers facing postpartum depression, and that the state is potentially dependent upon hormonal imbalances (Mehta and Sheth, 2006). The state of postpartum depression is particularly difficult for its sufferers, as they are often unable to care for their newborn babies in the way that they desire, and this places a particularly difficult strain upon the family in these cases. The defining attributes of the illness are em otional in nature, and require further evaluation in order to establish a successful diagnosis and treatment strategy. For women facing the risk of postpartum depression, there are a number of common concerns that are well-defined and researched, including but not limited to stress, hormone imbalance, and alternative methods of conception. Therefore, those women facing postpartum depression often possess a number of risk factors that may be individual or combined. As a result, a diagnosis of this condition is often based upon several factors. However, these factors may also be attributed to other conditions and circumstances, so how they are identified and managed is of critical importance in addressing the condition directly. In general, A meta-analysis of numerous studies found the average prevalence rate of postpartum depression to be 13 %there is a three-fold increase in the risk of depression during the first months after delivery (Joesfsson, 2003, p. 14). Therefore, it is important to note that postpartum depression is a common condition that requires further evaluation and treatment. A case study is perhaps the most feasible opportunity to explore the variables involved in postpartum depression, as this will enable the evaluator to determine the extent to which the illness is based upon various factors, how it was derived, and how to best treat the condition effectively. Typically, a scale known as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is widely used to identify the severity of postpartum depression episodes, as is useful in determining the course of treatment that will treat the condition without delay (Chokka, 2002). One case to consider is that of using the EPDS to screen patients for postpartum depression, and if the condition is identified, to determine its severity (Joesfsson, 2003). This scale is used to convey a greater understanding of the epidemiology of the illness, and its contributing factors in those that suffer its symptoms (Joesfsson, 2003). The case study under consideration examines women facing postpartum symptoms of depression at several intervals, and explores a number of variables that are relevant in describing the condition and its potential outcomes for female patients (Joesfsson, 2003). There were a number of statistical requirements under consideration, as well as an opportunity to explore the ethical nature of the study and how it might impact postpartum women in a personal manner: We questioned ourselves whether it would create increased anxiety to ask the eligible women personal questions about mental and physical health and later on about their childrens behavior. How ever, we concluded that the positive effects would outweigh the negative effects and that the attendance rate would reflect the womens opinions in this matter. Verbal and written information was given to all participants and it was made clear that participation was voluntary (Joesfsson, 2003, p. 33). From this perspective, it should be noted that the postpartum depression study served as a means of influencing the identification of risk factors, as well as the epidemiology behind such factors and subsequent treatment alternatives that would be useful in supporting patients of this nature (Joesfsson, 2003). In this manner, it was determined that the study was a safe and effective means of identifying various risk factors associated with postpartum depression. The study results indicate that the EPDS is a highly useful tool in order to support the findings associated with postpartum depression (Joesffson, 2003). One of the key factors in this study that is not found in many other studies is as follows: An advantage of this study is that all data were extracted from standardized medical records in which data were collected prior to knowledge of postpartum mood. This made it possible to minimize maternal recall bias. To our knowledge this is the only study that includes earlier medical, gynecologic and obstetric history (Joesffson, 2003, p. 37). Therefore, the study indicates that there are significant opportunities to explore postpartum depression by using the EPDS scale, and that the results from this scale will continue to provide clinicians with the tools that are necessary to improve diagnosis and treatment methods for postpartum depression and its many complexities (Joesffson, 2003). EPDS is also evaluated in a borderline case involving postpartum women from Chile, and it was determined that the scale is very useful in other settings as a screening and diagnostic tool (Jadresic et.al, 1995). Another borderline case involving subjects from Iran is also useful in determining the effectiveness of the EPDS tool (Montazeri et.al, 2007). A contrary case involves the detection of false negatives in using the EPDS, which is in stark contrast to many other cases that support the widespread use of this scale to identify postpartum depression (Guedeney et.al, 2000). A case invented for the research might demonstrate that EPDS is successful in diagnosing other types of depressive disorders or episodes that extend beyond postpartum depression. Finally, an illegitimate case involves an examination of symptoms that are depicted as postpartum depression with the EPDS, but are actually not related ( Jomeen and Martin, 2008). Based upon the model case, the antecedent is the series of unusual behaviors that are generally associated with postpartum depression, such a perceived detachment from the child, as well as emotions, such as uncontrollable crying and fits of anger. As a result of these behaviors, it is generally believed that women suffering from postpartum depression face considerable emotional and psychological consequences until they are diagnosed and are treated for their condition in a successful manner. In a related case study, EDHS is utilized in conjunction with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in an effort to identify postpartum depression in a different light. In a general context, Routine depression screening has been recommended for all adults using tools, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), that have been validated in primary care practices (Yawn et.al, 2009, p. 483). From this perspective, it is known that postpartum depression is not commonly considered under this questionnaire, and requires further consideration as a potential tool for evaluation of this condition (Yawn et.al, 2009). The study considered both tools as an opportunity to identify postpartum depressive symptoms, and to also demonstrate that these studies might be useful together, while also recognizing the limitations of their use in conjunction with each other (Yawn et.al, 2009). These findings suggest that there are significant factors involved in identifying postpartum depression, par ticularly when a body of questions are asked of each study participant that might be uncomfortable to answer (Yawn et.al, 2009). Therefore, it is difficult to identify all of the possible implications of using both tools without further evaluation (Yawn et.al, 2009). Nonetheless, it is very important and relevant to consider how postpartum depression is diagnosed and treated under the most common conditions. Other studies also demonstrate that postpartum depression, when diagnosed by using the EPDS scale, is highly responsive to different forms of cognitive therapy, including individual and group counseling, amongst other methods (Moss et.al, 2009). However, studies do not go so far as to say that educational programs are a useful tool in supporting the prevention of postpartum depression, as this has yet to be identified as an effective alternative (Moss et.al, 2009). There continue to be critical factors that influence postpartum depression that have not been fully identified, and therefore, the EPDS is a very useful method of deciphering new problems and potential treatment solutions (Moss et.al, 2009). Based upon the indicators provided in the discussion and case studies thus far, there are a number of empirical referents to consider when addressing the scope of postpartum depression, and how it is dramatically influenced by various factors, including but not limited to risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. It is clear that there are a number of common risk factors associated with postpartum depression that are common in many identified cases, including but not limited to prior depressive episodes, hormone imbalances, and other related factors. These factors are typical contributors to the condition, even though their severity varies from one case to another. Nonetheless, when considering postpartum depression, these are typical concerns that must be evaluated on a consistent basis. In one context, it is observed that postpartum depression may be associated with what is known as the relinquishment of motherhood, which is reflective of different circumstances, such as giving up a baby for adoption, as well as the challenges associated with postpartum depression (La Monica). In this context, Relinquishment is usually done with a great deal of conflict, especially if done under compulsion. Consequences of relinquishment are (1) the obvious loss of a child, (2) a resulting role change; she is no longer functioning as a mother, and (3) the inevitable grief process to follow (La Monica, p. 269). From this perspective, it is clear that postpartum depression also falls into this category, and possesses empirical consequences for a mother until a diagnosis and treatment plan is satisfied. It is important for a mother facing postpartum depression to consider how this might impact her child or children, and how to best approach the situation in a delicate yet assertive man ner. However, since the judgment of the mother is often poor as a result of her condition and she may be unable to think clearly, it is necessary to consider how the condition might be identified by a clinical professional, and thus treated accordingly. It is important for family members and clinicians to be involved as early as possible, so that the symptoms do not become so severe that irreversible consequences are inevitable, as occurs in some cases. In all cases of postpartum depression, it is critical to develop an understanding of the underlying factors, causes, and diagnosis methods that are most common, so that all possible ideas are explored without severe repercussions for patients. Therefore, it is expected that in all cases of postpartum depression, establishing a diagnosis using the EPDS and/or the PHQ are of critical relevance in order to determine the most feasible course of action for the patient in question. This is a general rule that applies to almost any diagnosis, and requires ongoing consideration in order to achieve the desired level of effectiveness. It is imperative that these methods are utilized consistently from one case to the next in order to establish effective patterns for treating postpartum depression and its underlying causes. In order to identify the various principles that are associated with a diagnosis of postpartum depression, it is necessary to develop a greater understanding of various risk factors that are associated with the illness and its outcomes for new and experienced mothers. It is evident that there are a variety of concerns that are associated with postpartum depression, and that these require further consideration and evaluation. Therefore, various research studies to date indicate that there are a number of relevant tools that are often utilized in order to understand the overall concepts associated with postpartum depression, and how to best diagnose and treat this complex psychological condition with physical undertones. The most common tools used to identify the condition are the EPDS and the PHQ, which are utilized to identify severity of the condition under different circumstances. Patients suffering from this illness must be cooperative and supportive in seeking a diagnosis and tre atment, even though this is often a very difficult concept to grasp. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to be heavily involved in this process, so that patients are provided with the best possible outcomes for their condition, regardless of its severity. This will provide the greatest level of support during diagnosis and treatment to improve the condition through regular treatment and ongoing intervention as necessary.

A supplier partnering agreement Essay

Introduction The supplier partnering agreement at the University of Las Vegas case reflects the initiative of the Nevada Office Supply Company (NOSC) to become the sole supplier of office goods, not only to the University, but also to all state institutions involved in education. NOSC already is a major supplier to these institutions with approximately 50% of the business, and has provided competitive prices, good quality and service in the 15 years the company has been present in the industry. NOSC wants to go beyond and take the full 100% of the business by offering the University a series of incentives in the form of discounts and rebates. NOSC doesn’t want any bidding competition with the other 7 suppliers and gave Mr. Bob Ashby, the purchasing director at the University, 15 days to accept the offer. This case represents a good opportunity for both NOSC and the University of Las Vegas to increase their business ties. Mr. Ashby wanted to reduce the number of suppliers in order to reduce the number of purchase orders, the number of contracts, and the number of delivery trucks on campus. On the other hand, NOSC expects to grow and increase its sales by about 20% next year. This forecast was based on the continuous growth seen in the gaming sector, the education system and the population growth of Las Vegas and the state of Nevada. This partnering agreement will allow NOSC to meet the 20% growth figures forecasted and take the full office supply demand in the region that amounts to $1 million to $1.5 million a year. It will also help the University of Las Vegas to streamline the flow of office supplies and take advantage of the very attractive discounts (between 50% and 70%) in addition to the 2% rebate from all combined purchases when they exceed $1 million offered by NOSC. On the contrary, this agreement will allow NOSC to form a monopoly in this sector and as a result, this move might drive small suppliers out of business. Discussion Questions 1. What legal issues involved in NOSC’s proposal? NOSC’s proposal, which ultimately persuades Mr. Bob Ashby not to perform a regular bidding competition process, has the potential to be illegal. Under the Sherman Act of 1890 any type of agreement or conduct that  restricts trade and destroys competition, is considered illegal. â€Å"The Sherman Act rests on a legislative judgment that ultimately competition will produce not only lower prices, but also better goods and services. Section 2 stands as a vital safeguard of that competitive process. Individual firms with monopoly power can act anticompetitively and harm consumer welfare.Firms with ill-gotten monopoly power can inflict on consumers higher prices, reduced output, and poorer quality goods or services. Additionally, in certain circumstances, the existence of a monopoly can stymie innovation† (â€Å"Competition and Monopoly: Single-Firm Conduct Under Section 2 of The Sherman Act† 10-11) Even though both parties have a potential gain in this agreement, the fact that NOSC is requesting to be the education system’s sole office supplier in the growing area of Las Vegas and the State of Nevada, and most likely wants to eliminate some of the competition, makes it an illegal and unfair act against the other suppliers. The true meaning of a free market economy arises from acts that lead to healthy competition, cost reduction and better product quality. It is likely that if Mr. Ashby brings to the table other suppliers, they may be able to match or even surpass the offer NOSC is proposing. This is the free market and healthy competition in action. 2. What are the ethical issues? As stated previously, NOSC’s intention with this negotiation is to monopolize the growing office supply business the University of Las Vegas and other educational institutions demand. By asking Mr. Ashby to exclude the other suppliers from the negotiating table, NOSC is negating the possibility for others to help decide what’s in the best interest of the University and the education system when it comes to ordering office supplies. If this agreement goes through, it is possible that some small suppliers end up closing their business due to this unfair act. This can be an example where ethical sourcing, which attempts to take into account the public consequences of organizational buying, is put aside. A transparent organized bidding process should be the option to make sure that the best possible agreement can be reached without sacrificing good quality and  competitive prices. 3. How should Mr. Ashby analyze the proposal? Mr. Ashby needs to decline the proposal regardless of how attractive and profitable it might look. The right approach is to call on NOSC and invite them to participate in a real bidding competition, where the other 7 suppliers have the chance to expose their ideas on cost reduction and business incentives. After having heard the others and still NOSC’s offer is the most attractive, at this point it is in the best interest of the University to choose to do business with NOSC. In my opinion, The University should keep some number of suppliers to diversify the stream of supplies coming in, and allow the development of each of them individually in case one or two of them can’t continue to comply with the University’s needs. Conclusion The possible agreement between The University of Las Vegas and NOSC, where NOSC would supply the 100% of all the University’s office goods need, may be perceived as unethical and opportunistic. This move might leave some of the smaller suppliers out of business and would close any door leading to similar or better opportunity with other supplier. This business relationship would go against the Sherman Act of 1890, which prohibits any type of monopoly and acts that destroys competition. Regardless of the great business opportunity this partnership represents on the table in terms of cost and administrative work reduction for ULV and profit opportunity and market growth for NOSC, this agreement has some potential for failure. What would happen in the event that NOSC can’t comply with ULV’s demands? There needs to be a pool of suppliers ULV can count on in the unlikely event NOSC is unable to meet its responsibilities. Instead of taking the path of one sole supplier , ULV should implement a policy of supplier development, where it can help develop and better the performance of many suppliers. This approach will incentivize the suppliers to offer better services, and lower prices. Works Cited United States. U.S Department of Justice. Competition and Monopoly: Single-Firm Conduct Under Section 2 of The Sherman Act. 2008. Web.

The True Story About 7th Grade Opinion Essay Topics That the Experts Dont Want You to Hear

The True Story About 7th Grade Opinion Essay Topics That the Experts Don't Want You to Hear People today argue fracking is a powerful method to extract natural gas, but others argue it's too dangerous and is bad for the environment. Process will be the straightforward and believe me you're likely to do it easily. SATs ought to be eliminated. School tests aren't effective. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a specific age. They should be mandatory for the first five years after getting a license. The only means to understand friendship is by way of experience. Suddenly you end up transported into somebody else's life. Tell how you clean your hair. Explain the steps that you proceed through to repair your hair in the morning. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. There are several different varieties of essays you may be requested to write in elementary, middle or higher school. Writing a great essay might be a bit of cake if you're feeling inspired. How to compose a descriptive essay. The very first paragraph of your essay will introduce your topic and offer direction for the full essay. When it has to do with the middle school, the argumentative essay incorporates moderate topics. With math essay you might feel perplexed since it is not so simple to write. Get a complimentary plagiarism report together with your edit essay order. You don't need to supply somebody else's point of view instead write what you personally consider the circumstance or subject. For example, let's say you decide on the very first topic from our list. Write a poem about the manner in which you feel when you sit down to have a test. Every family needs to have a all-natural disaster survival program. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. Argumentative essay is about arguing and debating on a subject, which is debatable. Determining the kind of essay is the very first step to writing a targeted essay. Test essay questions will be dependent on the topic, naturally. If you're in a college and wish to compose an argumentative essay, you should select a subject of high importance. An excellent descriptive paragraph is similar to a window into another world. When it can be difficult to inspire children to compose essays, the trick is to introduce subjects or issues that they're interested in. This text may be used as a national junior honor society application essay example also. It will serve as a national honor society essay example and will demonstrate one of the possible ways to write it properly. You can rest assured your order will be dealt with by the most suiting writer who will give the required writing level. The ability to supply information in various contexts is vital to effective communication. The procedure will be easy and you merely should adhere to the steps. Pick the one which you find interesting enough and delight in the writing process! The 7th Grade Opinion Essay Topics Pitfall Teens should have the ability to pick their bedtime. Children should have to read more. Kids should have the ability to vote. Students learn how to write effectively when they write more frequently. Some hobbies are simply diversions. Friendship is observed in a child freely sharing the previous cookie. It has a variety of smells.

The Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Us Healthcare...

Introduction Workplace violence (WPV) has been an increasing problem for many years, but it is hitting the healthcare profession hardest.(1) A crime survey done in 2014 by the International Association for Healthcare Security and Safety (IAHSS) found that violent crimes in the US healthcare system increased by 25% from 2012 to 2013.(2) Nearly 24,000 assaults in the work environment occur every year, with nearly 70-75% occurring to healthcare providers alone.(3, 4) Due to this increased risk of assault while working, healthcare workers are nearly 4 times as likely to need time off of work due to an injury caused by workplace violence than any other cause (i.e. illness, family leave, etc).(3) In a 2001 document from the United States Bureau of Justice, it was reported that 1.62% of physicians were assaulted (16.2 assaults per 1,000), 2.19% of nurses were assaulted (21.9 assaults per 1,000 nurses), and 0.85% of other healthcare workers (with varying job titles) were assaulted (8.5 assaults per 1,000 employees).(5) In 2011, the United States Bureau of Justice measured the workplace violence rate for nurses to be 3.9% (3.9 assaults per 1,000), almost doubling the numbers from 2001 in just 10 years.(1) The United States Bureau of Justice also reported that of the 100 fatalities that occurred in the workplace of healthcare and social service employees in 2013, 27 of the fatalities were due to violent attacks and assaults.(4) The Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1676 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace violence (WPV) is defined as â€Å"any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site† (OSHA, n.d., para. 1). 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